Artificial intelligence and drone technology have brought about a revolutionary transformation in the field of archaeology, completely changing the methods of discovering lost cities and cultures of ancient civilizations. This new field, being called “Artificial Intelligence Archaeology,” is uncovering the lost pages of human history through advanced algorithms, machine learning techniques, and an integrated system of aircraft. Drones are no longer just cameras flying in the air but have the capability to perform multi-layered scanning of mysterious locations, detect underground structures, and create 3D models of ancient remains. This technology is not only accelerating the discovery process but also providing a safer and more economically feasible methodology free from human risks. In this article, we will delve deep into this revolutionary field and see how AI and drones are working together to reveal the secrets of ancient civilizations.

Drone technology has brought about a revolutionary transformation in the field of archaeology. Modern drones are equipped with advanced technologies such as LiDAR systems, high-resolution cameras, thermal imaging, and hyperspectral sensors that enable them to detect surface and subsurface structures. LiDAR technology has proven particularly effective in discovering ancient buildings and structural remains hidden in dense forests. This technology sends laser pulses and creates detailed 3D maps of the earth’s surface by calculating their return time. For example, LiDAR scanning conducted by drones in the Peten region of Guatemala has discovered thousands of lost structures of the Mayan civilization that had been hidden under dense forests for centuries. These drones not only collect images and data from the air but also analyze this data through AI algorithms that can recognize patterns and structures invisible to the human eye.

Artificial intelligence has revolutionized the methods of analyzing and interpreting archaeological data. AI algorithms can analyze thousands of square kilometers of data obtained from drones in just hours, while traditional methods could take months or years for the same work. Advanced AI models like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can identify ancient structures, paths, water reservoirs, and other important artifacts in high-resolution imagery. These systems not only recognize existing structures but can also predict potential archaeological sites underground by analyzing changes in the earth’s surface over time. For example, analysis of the Teotihuacan area in Mexico using AI has revealed underground structures that could be part of ancient tunnel systems.

LiDAR technology has achieved incredible successes in discovering ancient civilizations hidden in dense forests and difficult terrains. In the Angkor Wat area of Cambodia, LiDAR scanning revealed an extensive urban center of the Khmer Empire that had been buried under the forest for centuries. This data showed that Angkor Wat was not just a temple but part of a vast urban center with canal systems, roads, and settlements. Similarly, LiDAR scanning conducted by drones in the La Mosquitia area of Honduras discovered a lost city now named the “City of the Monkey God.” This discovery is not only historically significant but has also set a new path in archaeological methodology.

Artificial intelligence is not only helping in new discoveries but also playing an important role in protecting existing cultural heritage. AI algorithms can review changes over time and potential threats in historical buildings and archaeological sites. These systems can analyze the effects of earthquakes, climate change, and human activities and suggest preventive measures for their protection. For example, AI is being used to review minor structural changes in Egypt’s pyramids to develop effective conservation strategies. Similarly, data from war-affected historical sites in Syria is being analyzed to assist in restoration projects.

Satellite imagery and remote sensing have opened new dimensions in the field of archaeology. Modern satellites have such high-resolution capability that they can clearly show even the smallest structures on the ground. AI algorithms can analyze these satellite images to identify locations with high potential for archaeological discoveries. For example, analysis of satellite imagery in Egypt’s deserts has revealed traces of ancient routes and trade centers. Similarly, satellite data from areas in Iraq has provided new information about ancient Mesopotamia’s water management systems.

Artificial intelligence is now playing an important role in discovering underground structures. AI algorithms can analyze magnetic and gravimetric data to detect ancient underground structures, tunnels, and chambers. This technique is proving particularly useful in areas where excavation is not possible or could be dangerous. For example, in Italy’s Pompeii city, AI is being used to detect undiscovered underground sections. This system not only locates structures but can also predict their use and historical significance.

The most important role of AI in archaeological data analysis is pattern recognition and interpretation. AI algorithms analyze patterns found in thousand-year-old structures, pottery, and other artifacts to help understand their historical and cultural context. These systems are also proving helpful in understanding trade, cultural, and technical connections between different civilizations. For example, analysis of pottery designs found in the Mediterranean region has provided new information about ancient trade routes.

Artificial intelligence is also playing an important role in the restoration and repair process of historical structures. AI algorithms can analyze the current condition of structures and identify their original design and construction. These systems can also provide guidance about required materials and techniques for restoration. For example, AI is being used in the restoration project of Athens’ Acropolis in Greece to enable repairs according to the original design.

AI archaeology has created new opportunities for global cooperation and data sharing. Researchers from different countries can now exchange their data and research through AI platforms. This global cooperation is not only improving research quality but also providing new opportunities to compare different civilizations. For example, under the “Global Digital Archaeology Initiative,” archaeological data from different countries is being collected on one platform where AI algorithms are analyzing it.

The future of AI archaeology appears extremely bright and promising. In the coming years, we will see more advanced AI algorithms that will not only analyze data but also make predictions about discoveries. Combined with quantum computing, these systems will become even more powerful. In the future, we might see AI systems that can autonomously conduct archaeological discovery processes.

Although AI archaeology has achieved great successes, it faces several challenges. Issues such as data quality, algorithm accuracy, and local laws need to be addressed. Additionally, political and security issues also pose challenges in data collection in some areas. International cooperation and coordinated efforts are needed to overcome these challenges.

The use of AI archaeology involves several ethical considerations. Issues such as protection of local cultures, data privacy, and impacts of discoveries on local people need to be considered. It must be ensured that technology is used with respect for local cultures and traditions.

The economic impacts of AI archaeology are also notable. This technology is promoting tourism, creating new jobs, and strengthening local economies. Tourists coming as a result of discoveries are creating new sources of income for local businesses.

AI archaeology has opened new doors for cooperation between experts from different fields. Collaboration between computer scientists, archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists is opening new research areas. This interdisciplinary cooperation is not only improving research quality but also generating new perspectives.

AI archaeology has not only opened doors to new discoveries but has also changed our methodology for understanding history. This technology is providing us with a new means to read the lost pages of human history. In the coming years, as this technology advances, we will see further enhancement in our understanding of human civilization. AI archaeology is not only discovering the past but also providing new foundations for future research.